Choosing the right polyurethane finish to revitalize your hardwood flooring is a decision that can significantly impact the longevity, appearance, and maintenance of your flooring.
In this guide, we’ll help you navigate the various types of polyurethane available, their best applications, pros and cons, precautions to take, installation costs and methods, and more. By the end of this guide, you’ll have the requisite knowledge to choose the best polyurethane for your floors.
Types of Polyurethane Finishes
Polyurethane comes in two main types: water-based and oil-based. Each type has its unique characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages, making them suitable for different applications.
Oil-Based Polyurethane
Oil-based finishes provide a hard, protective shell, making it an excellent choice for high-traffic areas or applications where durability is critical. It offers superior abrasion and scratch resistance compared to water-based polyurethane. However, it takes longer to dry than water-based alternatives and requires the use of mineral spirits or paint thinner for cleanup. Oil-based polyurethane also tends to leave a slightly yellow sheen, especially with multiple coatings, which may be desirable in some applications.
Water-Based Polyurethane
Water-based finishes are a popular choice due to their ease of application and quick drying time. It’s also easy to clean up after application, requiring only soap and water. However, it tends to be less durable than its oil-based counterpart, scratching and denting more easily. It also requires more coats to achieve the same level of protection as oil-based polyurethane. Despite these drawbacks, water-based polyurethane is a good choice if you prefer a thinner, more flexible coating.
Top Polyurethane Brands for Floors
The following have long-standing reputations for their high-quality products and recommendations by professionals and homeowners alike.
- Varathane Oil-Based Polyurethane: Varathane is a trusted brand that offers high-quality oil-based polyurethane products. Its Oil-Based Polyurethane provides a durable, protective finish with a rich, golden glow. The formula’s resins are scratch-resistant, making it an ideal choice for high-traffic areas and applications where durability is essential.
- Rust-Oleum Triple Thick Polyurethane: Rust-Oleum is known for its innovative and high-performance products, and its Triple Thick Polyurethane is no exception. This oil-based polyurethane offers superior durability and protection with a thick, hard finish that resists scratches and wear. It also provides a high-gloss sheen that enhances the natural beauty of hardwood floors.
- Bona Mega Wood Floor Finish: Bona is a well-known brand in the flooring industry, and its Mega Wood Floor Finish is a popular water-based polyurethane sealer. This product is fast-drying, low-odor, and provides excellent durability and protection while maintaining a clear, non-yellowing finish. It is easy to apply and has low VOC content, making it an eco-friendly choice.
- Minwax Water-Based Oil-Modified Polyurethane: Minwax is another reputable brand in the world of wood finishes. Its Water-Based Oil-Modified Polyurethane combines the durability of oil-based polyurethane with the easy application and cleanup of a water-based product. This polyurethane provides a clear, semi-gloss protective finish that resists scratches, scuffs, and stains, making it an excellent choice for hardwood floors.
When choosing a hardwood floor finish, consider the specific needs of your flooring and your personal preferences. By selecting a high-quality product from a reputable brand, you can ensure the longevity and beauty of your floors for years to come.
Additional Factors to Consider
Whether you’re refinishing hardwood floors or laying down the first coat of shellac, we recommend first considering factors such as environmental impact, ease of application, and compatibility with your existing flooring.
Water-based polyurethane is generally considered more eco-friendly than oil-based polyurethane due to its lower volatile organic compound (VOC) content. VOCs are solvents that can evaporate into the air and contribute to air pollution. If you’re concerned about the environmental impact of your flooring choice, water-based polyurethane may be a better option.
Water-based polyurethane is easier to apply than oil-based polyurethane, as it dries more quickly and requires only soap and water for cleanup. Consider how involved each type of application might be, especially if you’re planning to apply the polyurethane yourself or if you have a tight schedule for completing your flooring project.
Before choosing a polyurethane, it’s essential to consider its compatibility with your existing flooring. Some types of polyurethane may not adhere well to certain types of wood or may react with existing finishes. Always consult the manufacturer’s recommendations and test a small, inconspicuous area of your floor before applying polyurethane to the entire surface.
Precautions When Applying Polyurethane
While polyurethane is generally safe to use, it’s important to observe certain precautions to ensure safety and optimal results.
- Read the Manufacturer’s Instructions: Always read the manufacturer’s instructions before using polyurethane. These instructions contain specific safety precautions and application guidelines for the product.
- Wear Protective Gear: Wear gloves to avoid skin contact with polyurethane. Some types of polyurethane can stain the skin upon contact.
- Ensure Adequate Ventilation: Polyurethane can release vapors that should not be inhaled. Ensure your home has adequate ventilation, especially if you’re using oil-based polyurethane.
- Avoid Moisture: Polyurethane is moisture-sensitive. It can react with moisture in the air, affecting its performance and durability. Store polyurethane in a dry place with the lid closed to prevent moisture absorption.
Installation Costs and Methods
The cost of finishing your floor with polyurethane can vary depending on several factors, including the type of varnish, the coverage area, and whether you opt for a DIY job or hire a flooring company. On average, the price of polyurethane in the United States is $10 per square foot per pound.
The installation process typically involves preparing the floor, applying the polyurethane, and allowing it to dry. It’s recommended to apply at least two to three coats of polyurethane for optimal durability and adhesion. Between each coat, the floor should be lightly sanded to ensure a smooth finish.
Oil vs. Water-Base Polyurethane
| Oil-Based Polyurethane | Water-Based Polyurethane | |
| Durability | More durable, excellent abrasion and scratch resistance | Less durable, scratches and dents easily |
| Application | Takes longer to dry, requires mineral spirits or paint thinner for cleanup | Easier to work with, quicker to dry |
| Appearance | Yields a rich, golden glow, leaves a slightly yellow sheen with multiple coatings | Clear finish, enhances or brightens the natural variations of hardwood |
| Number of Coats Needed | Fewer coats needed | More coats needed |
| Cost | Varies, generally more expensive than water-based polyurethane | Varies, generally less expensive than oil-based polyurethane |
So, Which Polyurethane Should You Choose?
Whether you choose an oil-based polyurethane finish or a water-based one depends on your specific needs and preferences. If you prefer a clear finish that enhances the natural beauty of your wood floors and don’t mind applying more coats, water-based polyurethane may be the best choice for you.
On the other hand, if you want a durable, hard finish with a rich, golden glow and are willing to put in the extra time and effort for application and cleanup, oil-based polyurethane may be the better option.
By understanding the characteristics, pros, and cons of each type of polyurethane, you can make an informed decision that will ensure the longevity and beauty of your floors. With the right polyurethane, you can enjoy a durable, attractive, and low-maintenance flooring solution.
FAQs About Polyurethane for Floors
Is there a difference between floor polyurethane and regular polyurethane?
There is no specific floor polyurethane versus regular polyurethane. However, the floor finish comes in either water-based or oil-based versions.
Do I need to sand between coats of polyurethane?
Yes, our experts recommend sanding between coats of polyurethane. Sanding removes drips, bubbles, and other uneven spots in each coat.
How many coats of polyurethane are enough for hardwood floors?
Generally, we recommend applying three coats of polyurethane to hardwood floors for maximum durability and adhesion. However, if you’re trying to save money, applying two coats is acceptable, though not ideal.
Which type of polyurethane lasts the longest?
Oil-based polyurethane typically lasts longer than water-based polyurethane due to its superior durability and scratch resistance.
What precautions should I take when using polyurethane?
When using polyurethane, it’s important to read the manufacturer’s instructions, wear protective gear, ensure adequate ventilation, and avoid moisture.
